{"shortAnswer":"5-Amino-1MQ has no approved use in the US, and FDA says outsourcing facilities may not make drugs from it. The evidence grade is animal-only. In obese mice it limited weight and fat gain. Our sources hold no study in people, so nobody knows what it does in people.","url":"https://peptideindex.ai/compound/5-amino-1mq","status":"no-approved-use","statusCheckedAt":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.807Z","statusStale":false,"regulatoryAsOf":"2026-10-26","verified":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.835Z","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","clinicallyReviewed":false,"notice":"Information, not medical advice.","id":"6130fdb8-0d8e-4a58-ac2c-18d48b336128","object":"compound","slug":"5-amino-1mq","name":"5-Amino-1MQ","attrs":{"name":"5-Amino-1MQ","class":"non-peptide","access":[{"type":"none","detail":"There is no legal route to 5-Amino-1MQ in the US today that a federal source shows. FDA says outsourcing facilities may not use it.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"}],"trials":[],"aliases":["5-amino-1-methylquinolinium"],"summary":"A small chemical that blocks an enzyme called NNMT. In obese mice, it limited weight and fat gain.","citations":[{"n":1,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026"},{"n":2,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503b-fdc-act","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503B"},{"n":3,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A"},{"n":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: categories of bulk drug substances nominated for pharmacy compounding"},{"n":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94164/download","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: bulk drug substances nominated for use by outsourcing facilities"},{"n":6,"url":"https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c","tier":"primary","type":"reference","title":"FDA substance record: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, UNII PMX593N4N3"},{"n":7,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"animal","title":"A family of NNMT blockers and weight gain in obese mice, 2018"},{"n":8,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013352/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"animal","title":"5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, a low-fat diet and gut bacteria in obese mice, 2022"},{"n":9,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"animal","title":"An NNMT blocker, weight, blood sugar and liver fat in obese mice, 2024"},{"n":10,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645410/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"in-vitro","title":"An NNMT blocker and cervical cancer cells in the lab, 2021"}],"known_risks":["FDA found that a facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ made sterile drugs in unclean conditions. Sterile drugs must be free of germs [^1].","At the same facility, FDA found one drug with too much bacterial toxin and two drugs weaker than their labels said. Those were other drugs, not 5-Amino-1MQ [^1].","FDA says drugs from that facility did not meet the compounding law, so they lacked FDA approval. Nobody at FDA checked them before sale [^1]."],"short_answer":"5-Amino-1MQ has no approved use in the US, and FDA says outsourcing facilities may not make drugs from it. The evidence grade is animal-only. In obese mice it limited weight and fat gain. Our sources hold no study in people, so nobody knows what it does in people.","evidence_grade":"animal-only","open_questions":["Our sources hold no study of 5-Amino-1MQ in people. Nobody knows if the mouse results carry over to people [^8] [^9].","The 2024 mouse study lasted 28 days. Nobody knows what longer use does, in mice or in people [^9].","A 2018 mouse study tested a family of related NNMT blockers. Its summary does not say which one cut weight, so it may not be 5-Amino-1MQ [^7].","One cell study gives its chemical two different names [^10]. So it is not clear which chemical it tested.","Two of the three mouse studies list authors tied to one drug company [^8] [^9]. The third, from 2018, shares two of those authors [^7]."],"section_routes":"FDA says outsourcing facilities may not make drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, and our sources show no approved use [^1]. There is no legal route to it in the US today that a federal source shows.\n\nOur sources hold no clinical trial of it. Any open trial appears in the trials block below, with the date the official registry was last checked.","regulatory_as_of":"2026-10-26","section_channels":"One way of getting 5-Amino-1MQ shows up in federal records: an outsourcing facility that made drugs from it although the law does not allow it [^1]. In July 2025, FDA inspected a Florida outsourcing facility [^1]. FDA says the facility made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, which it may not use [^1]. In January 2026, FDA sent the facility a warning letter [^1].\n\nFDA also found that the facility made sterile drugs in unclean conditions [^1]. FDA noted that the facility had stopped making drugs and recalled its sterile drugs [^1]. But FDA said the facility gave no proof that it stopped making drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ [^1]. Our sources hold no federal record of other ways 5-Amino-1MQ reaches people.","section_evidence":"The evidence grade is animal-only: every study in our sources was in mice or in cells, and none was in people [^7] [^8] [^9] [^10].\n\nIn 2024, researchers gave 5-Amino-1MQ to obese mice on a high-fat diet for 28 days [^9]. It limited weight and fat gain [^9]. It also helped the mice control blood sugar and cut fat in the liver [^9].\n\nIn a 2022 study, obese mice were switched to a low-fat diet [^8]. Mice that also got 5-Amino-1MQ lost more weight and fat than mice on the diet alone [^8]. Their gut bacteria also changed [^8].\n\nA 2018 study tested a family of related NNMT blockers [^7]. In obese mice, a potent one cut weight and body fat [^7]. The summary does not name that molecule, so this may be evidence about a different chemical [^7].\n\nIn a lab dish, the chemical slowed the growth of cervical cancer cells [^10]. These are animal and cell results, not results in people.","regulatory_status":"no-approved-use","section_what_it_is":"5-Amino-1MQ is a small chemical, not a peptide [^6]. Its full name is 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium [^6]. FDA's letter names the form used to make drugs: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium iodide [^1].\n\nIt blocks an enzyme called NNMT [^9]. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical step in the body. NNMT has a part in how cells use and store energy [^7]. Researchers have tested 5-Amino-1MQ in obese mice as a possible drug for obesity [^8] [^9]. One lab study tested it on cancer cells [^10].","section_is_it_legal":"5-Amino-1MQ has no approved use in the US: FDA says outsourcing facilities may not use it to make drugs [^1]. That means no outsourcing facility may lawfully make drugs from it. It does not mean a seller may offer it for people. FDA says drugs one facility made from it lacked FDA approval [^1]. Checked 26 October 2026.\n\nAn outsourcing facility is a compounder of sterile drugs that registers with FDA under section 503B of the law [^1] [^2]. It may use a bulk ingredient if the ingredient is on FDA's 503B list. It may also use one to make a drug in short supply [^1]. FDA says 5-Amino-1MQ meets neither test [^1].\n\nA regular pharmacy follows section 503A of the law, which has its own three tests [^3]. FDA's lists for pharmacies and for outsourcing facilities do not name 5-Amino-1MQ [^4] [^5]. FDA's pages in our sources do not say whether a pharmacy may use it.\n\nFDA keeps a record of the chemical under an ID code, UNII PMX593N4N3 [^6]. That code only names the substance. It is not approval.","unofficial_channels":[{"type":"compounding-outside-the-rules","what_it_is":"Made by an outsourcing facility from bulk 5-Amino-1MQ, although the law does not allow that facility to use it.","enforcement":[{"date":"2026-01-20","text":"FDA warning letter to a Florida outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"}],"legal_position":{"text":"FDA says 5-Amino-1MQ is not eligible for compounding by an outsourcing facility. Drugs made from it lose the law's compounding exemptions, including from FDA approval.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"},"documented_risks":[{"text":"FDA found that a facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ made sterile drugs in unclean conditions.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"}]}]},"provenance":{"name":{"fact_id":"700f8b83-8e95-4dca-842f-3c49e68b05cb","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.819Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"class":{"fact_id":"7467c34e-ccad-497e-8751-724f095cef3f","source_url":"https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:30:05.824Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.822Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"access":{"fact_id":"982da7c5-8e2d-4de1-a185-8b16207282d5","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.795Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"trials":{"fact_id":"1a669fd9-42fe-46c1-a86d-3f9efd748c47","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=5-Amino-1MQ+OR+5-amino-1-methylquinolinium&filter.overallStatus=RECRUITING%2CNOT_YET_RECRUITING&pageSize=50&sort=StartDate%3Adesc&countTotal=true&fields=NCTId%2CBriefTitle%2COverallStatus%2CPhase%2CLeadSponsorName%2CStartDate%2CLocationCountry%2CLocationState","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:40.422Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:40.422Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"aliases":{"fact_id":"299f2456-45b8-45ff-add8-c6189d78c18e","source_url":"https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:30:05.824Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.820Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"summary":{"fact_id":"429e6aec-083b-4164-96d6-dc87f4ef09b6","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/","source_type":"peer-reviewed","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:30:02.828Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.823Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"citations":{"fact_id":"60752751-786d-446b-a4ca-8f0027496a56","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.835Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"known_risks":{"fact_id":"19d44a9c-0b2c-4358-8632-ef4ea50f4665","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.828Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"short_answer":{"fact_id":"16c56a34-0019-4f2f-931d-7874d8fa89e3","source_url":"https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#short-answer","source_type":"reference","captured_at":"2026-10-25T00:14:44.418Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.825Z","confidence":1,"stale":false,"label":"our assessment"},"evidence_grade":{"fact_id":"231717ef-d7f0-4389-9fef-1be1959d49d7","source_url":"https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#evidence-grade","source_type":"reference","captured_at":"2026-10-25T00:14:45.193Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.826Z","confidence":1,"stale":false,"label":"our assessment"},"open_questions":{"fact_id":"c44bc4f7-0f70-470a-9d61-00de86da7fa2","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/","source_type":"peer-reviewed","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:30:01.321Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.803Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_routes":{"fact_id":"fac01b9b-5030-4c7c-ae69-60b75962c934","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.830Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"regulatory_as_of":{"fact_id":"cfa5ce19-795d-43f4-ad15-86eb0d44d5fe","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.805Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_channels":{"fact_id":"4e01686b-e261-4b16-9c0b-6562f1290f85","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.811Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_evidence":{"fact_id":"13f5b576-bf7c-48c0-b3fd-b3e6a2f4e7fc","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/","source_type":"peer-reviewed","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:30:02.828Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.814Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"regulatory_status":{"fact_id":"769bc21e-d447-4911-9229-e167c5f37639","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.807Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_what_it_is":{"fact_id":"f0efb2bc-955d-4fbc-ba0c-1785aee580e7","source_url":"https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:30:05.824Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.829Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_is_it_legal":{"fact_id":"2821edfd-1c2f-4ea3-b451-1e1eba71c09d","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.817Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"unofficial_channels":{"fact_id":"4427813f-0a49-40df-9f81-cfa7317f61db","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-26T09:28:25.446Z","checked_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.832Z","confidence":1,"stale":false}},"citationsBySection":{"known_risks":[{"n":1,"title":"FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"}],"open_questions":[{"n":8,"title":"5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, a low-fat diet and gut bacteria in obese mice, 2022","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013352/"},{"n":9,"title":"An NNMT blocker, weight, blood sugar and liver fat in obese mice, 2024","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/"},{"n":7,"title":"A family of NNMT blockers and weight gain in obese mice, 2018","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/"},{"n":10,"title":"An NNMT blocker and cervical cancer cells in the lab, 2021","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645410/"}],"section_routes":[{"n":1,"title":"FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"}],"section_channels":[{"n":1,"title":"FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"}],"section_evidence":[{"n":7,"title":"A family of NNMT blockers and weight gain in obese mice, 2018","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/"},{"n":8,"title":"5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, a low-fat diet and gut bacteria in obese mice, 2022","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013352/"},{"n":9,"title":"An NNMT blocker, weight, blood sugar and liver fat in obese mice, 2024","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/"},{"n":10,"title":"An NNMT blocker and cervical cancer cells in the lab, 2021","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645410/"}],"section_what_it_is":[{"n":6,"title":"FDA substance record: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, UNII PMX593N4N3","url":"https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c"},{"n":1,"title":"FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"},{"n":9,"title":"An NNMT blocker, weight, blood sugar and liver fat in obese mice, 2024","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/"},{"n":7,"title":"A family of NNMT blockers and weight gain in obese mice, 2018","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/"},{"n":8,"title":"5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, a low-fat diet and gut bacteria in obese mice, 2022","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013352/"},{"n":10,"title":"An NNMT blocker and cervical cancer cells in the lab, 2021","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645410/"}],"section_is_it_legal":[{"n":1,"title":"FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"},{"n":2,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503B","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503b-fdc-act"},{"n":3,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act"},{"n":4,"title":"FDA: categories of bulk drug substances nominated for pharmacy compounding","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download"},{"n":5,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances nominated for use by outsourcing facilities","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94164/download"},{"n":6,"title":"FDA substance record: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, UNII PMX593N4N3","url":"https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c"}]},"channelsOpener":"This section describes what happens and is not a recommendation.","sources":["https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=5-Amino-1MQ+OR+5-amino-1-methylquinolinium&filter.overallStatus=RECRUITING%2CNOT_YET_RECRUITING&pageSize=50&sort=StartDate%3Adesc&countTotal=true&fields=NCTId%2CBriefTitle%2COverallStatus%2CPhase%2CLeadSponsorName%2CStartDate%2CLocationCountry%2CLocationState","https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#evidence-grade","https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#short-answer","https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/","https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/","https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026"],"verified_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:13.835Z","published_at":"2026-10-26T13:49:30.431Z","parent":null,"children":[],"snapshots":{"trials":{"snapshot_at":"2026-10-26T13:39:40.422Z","stale":false,"notice":"A listing is not a recommendation. Trials have strict eligibility rules. Talk to your doctor and read the official record."}}}