# 5-Amino-1MQ 5-Amino-1MQ has no approved use in the US, and FDA says outsourcing facilities may not make drugs from it. The evidence grade is animal-only. In obese mice it limited weight and fat gain. Our sources hold no study in people, so nobody knows what it does in people. Status checked: 2026-10-26. Last verified: 2026-10-26. Primary source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 This page has not been individually reviewed by a clinician. Information, not medical advice. | Fact | Value | Tier | Checked | Source | |---|---|---|---|---| | Also called | 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium | primary | 2026-10-26 | [source](https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c) | | Class | non-peptide | primary | 2026-10-26 | [source](https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c) | | Regulatory status | no-approved-use | primary | 2026-10-26 | [source](https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026) | | Status source read | 2026-10-26 | primary | 2026-10-26 | [source](https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026) | | Evidence grade | animal-only | our assessment | 2026-10-26 | [source](https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#evidence-grade) | ## Name 5-Amino-1MQ Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## Summary A small chemical that blocks an enzyme called NNMT. In obese mice, it limited weight and fat gain. Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/ ## Short answer 5-Amino-1MQ has no approved use in the US, and FDA says outsourcing facilities may not make drugs from it. The evidence grade is animal-only. In obese mice it limited weight and fat gain. Our sources hold no study in people, so nobody knows what it does in people. Source: https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#short-answer ## Known risks - FDA found that a facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ made sterile drugs in unclean conditions. Sterile drugs must be free of germs [^1]. - At the same facility, FDA found one drug with too much bacterial toxin and two drugs weaker than their labels said. Those were other drugs, not 5-Amino-1MQ [^1]. - FDA says drugs from that facility did not meet the compounding law, so they lacked FDA approval. Nobody at FDA checked them before sale [^1]. Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## What nobody knows yet - Our sources hold no study of 5-Amino-1MQ in people. Nobody knows if the mouse results carry over to people [^8] [^9]. - The 2024 mouse study lasted 28 days. Nobody knows what longer use does, in mice or in people [^9]. - A 2018 mouse study tested a family of related NNMT blockers. Its summary does not say which one cut weight, so it may not be 5-Amino-1MQ [^7]. - One cell study gives its chemical two different names [^10]. So it is not clear which chemical it tested. - Two of the three mouse studies list authors tied to one drug company [^8] [^9]. The third, from 2018, shares two of those authors [^7]. Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/ ## What it is 5-Amino-1MQ is a small chemical, not a peptide [^6]. Its full name is 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium [^6]. FDA's letter names the form used to make drugs: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium iodide [^1]. It blocks an enzyme called NNMT [^9]. An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a chemical step in the body. NNMT has a part in how cells use and store energy [^7]. Researchers have tested 5-Amino-1MQ in obese mice as a possible drug for obesity [^8] [^9]. One lab study tested it on cancer cells [^10]. Source: https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c ## Where it stands legally 5-Amino-1MQ has no approved use in the US: FDA says outsourcing facilities may not use it to make drugs [^1]. That means no outsourcing facility may lawfully make drugs from it. It does not mean a seller may offer it for people. FDA says drugs one facility made from it lacked FDA approval [^1]. Checked 26 October 2026. An outsourcing facility is a compounder of sterile drugs that registers with FDA under section 503B of the law [^1] [^2]. It may use a bulk ingredient if the ingredient is on FDA's 503B list. It may also use one to make a drug in short supply [^1]. FDA says 5-Amino-1MQ meets neither test [^1]. A regular pharmacy follows section 503A of the law, which has its own three tests [^3]. FDA's lists for pharmacies and for outsourcing facilities do not name 5-Amino-1MQ [^4] [^5]. FDA's pages in our sources do not say whether a pharmacy may use it. FDA keeps a record of the chemical under an ID code, UNII PMX593N4N3 [^6]. That code only names the substance. It is not approval. Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## What the evidence shows The evidence grade is animal-only: every study in our sources was in mice or in cells, and none was in people [^7] [^8] [^9] [^10]. In 2024, researchers gave 5-Amino-1MQ to obese mice on a high-fat diet for 28 days [^9]. It limited weight and fat gain [^9]. It also helped the mice control blood sugar and cut fat in the liver [^9]. In a 2022 study, obese mice were switched to a low-fat diet [^8]. Mice that also got 5-Amino-1MQ lost more weight and fat than mice on the diet alone [^8]. Their gut bacteria also changed [^8]. A 2018 study tested a family of related NNMT blockers [^7]. In obese mice, a potent one cut weight and body fat [^7]. The summary does not name that molecule, so this may be evidence about a different chemical [^7]. In a lab dish, the chemical slowed the growth of cervical cancer cells [^10]. These are animal and cell results, not results in people. Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/ ## Legitimate ways to get it FDA says outsourcing facilities may not make drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, and our sources show no approved use [^1]. There is no legal route to it in the US today that a federal source shows. Our sources hold no clinical trial of it. Any open trial appears in the trials block below, with the date the official registry was last checked. Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## How people are getting it anyway This section describes what happens and is not a recommendation. One way of getting 5-Amino-1MQ shows up in federal records: an outsourcing facility that made drugs from it although the law does not allow it [^1]. In July 2025, FDA inspected a Florida outsourcing facility [^1]. FDA says the facility made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, which it may not use [^1]. In January 2026, FDA sent the facility a warning letter [^1]. FDA also found that the facility made sterile drugs in unclean conditions [^1]. FDA noted that the facility had stopped making drugs and recalled its sterile drugs [^1]. But FDA said the facility gave no proof that it stopped making drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ [^1]. Our sources hold no federal record of other ways 5-Amino-1MQ reaches people. Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## Access routes Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ### None Detail: There is no legal route to 5-Amino-1MQ in the US today that a federal source shows. FDA says outsourcing facilities may not use it. Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## Unofficial channels Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ### Compounding outside the rules What it is: Made by an outsourcing facility from bulk 5-Amino-1MQ, although the law does not allow that facility to use it. Legal position: FDA says 5-Amino-1MQ is not eligible for compounding by an outsourcing facility. Drugs made from it lose the law's compounding exemptions, including from FDA approval. (source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026) Documented risks: - FDA found that a facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ made sterile drugs in unclean conditions. (source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026) Enforcement: - 2026-01-20: FDA warning letter to a Florida outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ. (source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026) Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ## Recruiting trials Snapshot date: 2026-10-26. A listing is not a recommendation. Trials have strict eligibility rules. Talk to your doctor and read the official record. None in this snapshot. Source: https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=5-Amino-1MQ+OR+5-amino-1-methylquinolinium&filter.overallStatus=RECRUITING%2CNOT_YET_RECRUITING&pageSize=50&sort=StartDate%3Adesc&countTotal=true&fields=NCTId%2CBriefTitle%2COverallStatus%2CPhase%2CLeadSponsorName%2CStartDate%2CLocationCountry%2CLocationState ## Sources Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ### 1. FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026 Type: regulatory Tier: primary Source: https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 ### 2. FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503B Type: regulatory Tier: primary Source: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503b-fdc-act ### 3. FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A Type: regulatory Tier: primary Source: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act ### 4. FDA: categories of bulk drug substances nominated for pharmacy compounding Type: regulatory Tier: primary Source: https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download ### 5. FDA: bulk drug substances nominated for use by outsourcing facilities Type: regulatory Tier: primary Source: https://www.fda.gov/media/94164/download ### 6. FDA substance record: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, UNII PMX593N4N3 Type: reference Tier: primary Source: https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c ### 7. A family of NNMT blockers and weight gain in obese mice, 2018 Type: animal Tier: peer-reviewed Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/ ### 8. 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, a low-fat diet and gut bacteria in obese mice, 2022 Type: animal Tier: peer-reviewed Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013352/ ### 9. An NNMT blocker, weight, blood sugar and liver fat in obese mice, 2024 Type: animal Tier: peer-reviewed Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/ ### 10. An NNMT blocker and cervical cancer cells in the lab, 2021 Type: in-vitro Tier: peer-reviewed Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645410/ Last verified: 2026-10-26. Sources: - https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=5-Amino-1MQ+OR+5-amino-1-methylquinolinium&filter.overallStatus=RECRUITING%2CNOT_YET_RECRUITING&pageSize=50&sort=StartDate%3Adesc&countTotal=true&fields=NCTId%2CBriefTitle%2COverallStatus%2CPhase%2CLeadSponsorName%2CStartDate%2CLocationCountry%2CLocationState - https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#evidence-grade - https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#short-answer - https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/ - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/ - https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 [^1]: FDA warning letter to an outsourcing facility that made drugs from 5-Amino-1MQ, 20 January 2026 https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/genogenix-llc-718739-01202026 [^2]: FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503B https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503b-fdc-act [^3]: FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act [^4]: FDA: categories of bulk drug substances nominated for pharmacy compounding https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download [^5]: FDA: bulk drug substances nominated for use by outsourcing facilities https://www.fda.gov/media/94164/download [^6]: FDA substance record: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, UNII PMX593N4N3 https://precision.fda.gov/ginas/app/ui/substances/6f07ddfc-fdef-4319-b81f-3614668ce23c [^7]: A family of NNMT blockers and weight gain in obese mice, 2018 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29155147/ [^8]: 5-amino-1-methylquinolinium, a low-fat diet and gut bacteria in obese mice, 2022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35013352/ [^9]: An NNMT blocker, weight, blood sugar and liver fat in obese mice, 2024 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39161060/ [^10]: An NNMT blocker and cervical cancer cells in the lab, 2021 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33645410/