{"shortAnswer":"MOTS-c is in limbo: it is not approved, and it is on neither FDA list for compounding, so no pharmacy may lawfully make it. The evidence grade is animal-only. No study has given it to people, so nobody knows if it helps or how safe it is.","url":"https://peptideindex.ai/compound/mots-c","status":"limbo","statusCheckedAt":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.456Z","statusStale":false,"regulatoryAsOf":"2026-10-23","verified":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.514Z","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","clinicallyReviewed":false,"notice":"Information, not medical advice.","id":"696f7cd7-669b-467a-9d58-3839b0c86063","object":"compound","slug":"mots-c","name":"MOTS-c","attrs":{"name":"MOTS-c","class":"mitochondrial","access":[{"type":"none","detail":"There is no legal route to MOTS-c in the US today. It is in no approved drug, has no official quality standard, and is not on the list pharmacies may use.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"}],"trials":[],"aliases":["MOTS-c (free base)","MOTS-c acetate","mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c"],"summary":"A chain of 16 amino acids the body makes in small amounts. The kind sold is made in a lab and is in no FDA-approved drug. It is sold for weight loss and aging.","citations":[{"n":1,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks, including those withdrawn from Category 2"},{"n":2,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: bulk drug substances nominated under section 503A, list updated 14 May 2026"},{"n":3,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A"},{"n":4,"url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2026/04/16/2026-07361.html","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"Federal Register: notice of the July 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting"},{"n":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23 and 24 July 2026"},{"n":6,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026"},{"n":7,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193711/download","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: questions put to the committee at the July 2026 meeting"},{"n":8,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193773/download","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA: presentations to the committee on 23 July 2026, including MOTS-c"},{"n":9,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026","tier":"primary","type":"regulatory","title":"FDA warning letter to an online seller of research-use peptides, 24 August 2026"},{"n":10,"url":"https://www.mcdermottlaw.com/insights/bulk-list-bound-pcac-backs-majority-of-peptides-in-two-day-public-meeting/","tier":"legal-analysis","type":"legal-analysis","title":"McDermott Will & Schulte: what the July 2026 committee votes on peptides mean"},{"n":11,"url":"https://www.thefdalawblog.com/2026/07/peptide-l-wave-pcac-approves-four-bulk-drug-substances-for-the-503a-list/","tier":"legal-analysis","type":"legal-analysis","title":"FDA Law Blog: the committee recommends four peptides for the 503A list"},{"n":12,"url":"https://www.sheppard.com/insights/blogs/fda-balances-peptide-policy-with-enforcement-against-unlawful-peptide-sellers","tier":"legal-analysis","type":"legal-analysis","title":"Sheppard Mullin: FDA's peptide policy and its warning letters to peptide sellers"},{"n":13,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"animal","title":"MOTS-c on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice, 2015"},{"n":14,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33473109/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"animal","title":"MOTS-c on physical decline with age in mice, with exercise levels in people, 2021"},{"n":15,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725119/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"animal","title":"MOTS-c on fat and weight gain after ovary removal in mice, 2019"},{"n":16,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30468456/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"in-vitro","title":"MOTS-c on bone-forming change in rat stem cells in the lab, 2018"},{"n":17,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394592/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"in-vitro","title":"A blood test to detect MOTS-c for sport drug testing, 2019"},{"n":18,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27216708/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"reference","title":"Review: MOTS-c as a signal from mitochondria for muscle and fat, 2016"},{"n":19,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39160573/","tier":"peer-reviewed","type":"systematic-review","title":"Review of natural MOTS-c levels in people with diabetes or obesity, 2024"},{"n":20,"url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/peptides-restrictions-ease-fda-panel-recommend-bpc-157-scientists-rcna588879","tier":"established-news","type":"reference","title":"NBC News: FDA panel recommends easing peptide limits despite agency scientists"},{"n":21,"url":"https://www.cnn.com/2026/10/13/health/peptides-maha-access","tier":"established-news","type":"reference","title":"CNN: people who say experimental peptides hurt them, 13 October 2026"}],"known_risks":["FDA warns that a MOTS-c shot may set off the immune system. Peptides can clump together, which can make this worse [^1] [^6].","FDA says the name MOTS-c is used for more than one substance. A product sold as MOTS-c may not hold the form a doctor ordered [^6].","FDA found no test results for impurities, clumps or germ toxins in MOTS-c powder sold for making shots [^6].","FDA warns that shots made outside drug rules can carry germs or toxins straight into the blood. That can cause a life-threatening illness [^9].","Sport rules ban MOTS-c, and labs can find it in an athlete's blood [^6] [^17]."],"short_answer":"MOTS-c is in limbo: it is not approved, and it is on neither FDA list for compounding, so no pharmacy may lawfully make it. The evidence grade is animal-only. No study has given it to people, so nobody knows if it helps or how safe it is.","evidence_grade":"animal-only","open_questions":["No study has given MOTS-c to people, so nobody knows if it helps any human illness or what harm it does [^6].","No animal study has checked MOTS-c for harm to organs, genes or unborn babies, or for cancer [^6].","In a lab test, human blood broke MOTS-c into pieces within minutes. Nobody knows if a shot keeps enough of it in the body to do anything [^6] [^17].","Nobody knows what MOTS-c attaches to in the body, so nobody can predict which organs it might affect [^6].","People with diabetes or obesity have different natural levels of MOTS-c. Nobody knows if taking more would help them [^19]."],"section_routes":"There is no legal way to get MOTS-c in the US today [^6]. No approved drug contains it, and Europe's drug agency lists no approved product with it [^6]. A pharmacy may use a substance with no official quality standard only if it is in an approved drug or on the federal list. MOTS-c is neither [^3] [^6]. That could change if FDA adds it by writing a rule after the committee vote [^10] [^11].\n\nFDA found no clinical study of MOTS-c in people [^6]. Any open trial that gives MOTS-c would appear in the trials block below, with the date the official registry was last checked. FDA notes that approved drugs already exist for obesity and for osteoporosis [^6].","regulatory_as_of":"2026-10-23","section_channels":"People who use MOTS-c get it in three main ways [^6]. The first is websites that sell it alone or mixed with other substances [^6]. Peptides sold this way often carry a label saying they are for research use only [^21]. FDA says that label does not make it legal to sell a drug meant for people [^9] [^12]. The second is pharmacies. One clinic says it gets MOTS-c from compounding pharmacies, though no outsourcing facility reported making it from 2017 to 2025 [^6]. The third is clinics. One wellness clinic offers a drip into a vein that contains MOTS-c, without saying what else is in it [^6].\n\nIn all three, nobody checks what is in the product the way FDA checks an approved drug. FDA found no test results for impurities, clumps or germ toxins in MOTS-c powder [^6]. FDA found no reports of harm from MOTS-c in its files. FDA says that does not show MOTS-c is free of harm, because pharmacies seldom report problems [^6] [^8].","section_evidence":"The evidence grade is animal-only: the studies that show an effect used mice or rat cells, and FDA found no study that gave MOTS-c to people [^6]. FDA adds that these studies did not test how the effect changes with the amount given [^6].\n\nWeight and blood sugar: in mice fed a fatty diet, MOTS-c shots limited weight gain and insulin resistance [^6] [^13]. Insulin resistance means the body responds poorly to insulin, the hormone that controls blood sugar. In female mice whose ovaries were removed, MOTS-c limited weight gain and fat build-up [^15]. In young, middle-aged and old mice, MOTS-c helped them run longer. Very old mice given it late in life stayed fit longer and lived a little longer [^6] [^14].\n\nBone: the evidence for osteoporosis, a disease that thins the bones, is thinner still. In a lab dish, MOTS-c pushed rat stem cells to become bone-making cells [^16]. In mice, shots at the top of the skull limited bone loss caused by plastic particles [^6].\n\nStudies in people have only measured the MOTS-c the body makes on its own. Exercise raised it [^14]. A 2024 review found lower natural levels in people with diabetes and higher levels in people with obesity [^19]. These studies gave MOTS-c to nobody, so they are not evidence that taking it helps [^6] [^19]. A review by the team that found MOTS-c calls it a signal that controls muscle and fat, based on lab and animal work [^18].","regulatory_status":"limbo","section_what_it_is":"MOTS-c is a chain of 16 amino acids [^6]. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The body makes small amounts of MOTS-c from genes inside mitochondria, the parts of a cell that turn food into energy [^13] [^18]. It is found in the blood of people and rodents [^6]. Scientists first described it in 2015 [^6] [^13]. The MOTS-c that is sold is made in a lab [^6].\n\nMOTS-c is part of no FDA-approved drug and has no official quality standard [^6]. It is sold in two forms, a free base and an acetate salt, and FDA treats them as two different substances [^6]. Websites promote it for energy, weight loss, blood sugar, exercise and slower aging [^6]. Sport rules ban it, and labs test athletes for it [^6] [^17].","section_is_it_legal":"MOTS-c is in limbo: FDA lists it among the Category 2 substances whose nominations were withdrawn, and it has not added it to Category 1 [^1] [^2]. That is not approval, and it does not make compounding lawful. FDA's meeting notice lists obesity and osteoporosis as the uses it reviewed, but websites promote MOTS-c for energy, exercise and slower aging [^4] [^6]. Checked 23 October 2026.\n\nCategory 2 is FDA's list of substances that may present significant safety risks. Category 1 is the list of substances pharmacies may use while FDA reviews them [^3]. The pharmacy that nominated MOTS-c pulled its nomination, so it came off Category 2 [^1] [^6]. FDA then reviewed it on its own. FDA's scientists found no study of MOTS-c in people and advised against adding it to the list [^6] [^8].\n\nOn 23 July 2026, FDA's Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee met on MOTS-c [^4] [^5] [^7]. News and legal reports say it voted 7 to 5, with 2 members abstaining, to recommend adding MOTS-c to the list [^10] [^11] [^20]. FDA's meeting page does not show the vote [^5]. A committee vote is only advice [^11]. FDA decides by writing a rule, after public comment [^10] [^11].\n\nUntil then, a pharmacy that makes MOTS-c is outside federal law [^3] [^10]. Selling it for people to use is also illegal, even when the label says it is for research only [^9].","unofficial_channels":[{"type":"research-use-seller","what_it_is":"Sold on websites, alone or mixed with other substances, often with a label saying it is for research use only.","enforcement":[{"date":"2026-08-24","text":"FDA warning letter to an online seller of research-use peptide shots. The letter did not name MOTS-c.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026"}],"legal_position":{"text":"FDA treats these products as unapproved new drugs when the seller's claims show they are meant for people, whatever the label says.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026"},"documented_risks":[{"text":"FDA warns that injected drugs bypass some of the body's defenses and can carry toxins or germs that cause life-threatening illness.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026"},{"text":"FDA says products sold under the name MOTS-c can hold different forms, so a person may get a different substance than the one a doctor ordered.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"}]},{"type":"compounding-outside-the-rules","what_it_is":"Made by a pharmacy from bulk MOTS-c powder. One clinic says it gets MOTS-c from compounding pharmacies.","legal_position":{"text":"MOTS-c has no official quality standard, is in no approved drug and is not on the federal list, so a pharmacy may not compound it under section 503A.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act"},"documented_risks":[{"text":"FDA found no study of MOTS-c in people by any route, so the safety of a compounded product is unknown.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"text":"FDA found no test results for impurities, clumps or germ toxins in MOTS-c powder offered for making shots.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"}]},{"type":"clinic-or-med-spa","what_it_is":"Clinics that offer MOTS-c made by a compounding pharmacy, or a drip into a vein that contains it.","legal_position":{"text":"A clinic's prescription does not make MOTS-c lawful to compound. It is still a substance that is not on the federal list.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act"},"documented_risks":[{"text":"FDA found no human exposure data on any product with MOTS-c, by any route, so it cannot say whether it causes harm.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks"},{"text":"One clinic's drip lists MOTS-c but not the other substances in it.","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"}]}]},"provenance":{"name":{"fact_id":"8e0572ea-dffd-41bf-89b2-3f34fcd754e0","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.495Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"class":{"fact_id":"917c6afd-bcb9-46b5-836e-397b61446223","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.469Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"access":{"fact_id":"ca931b9a-6c5b-4912-afa4-d2b11be5830d","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.448Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"trials":{"fact_id":"0abb11b2-9b05-49ab-9d1d-3f9c86e4c02f","source_url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=MOTS-c+acetate+OR+MOTS-c+free+base&filter.overallStatus=RECRUITING%2CNOT_YET_RECRUITING&pageSize=50&sort=StartDate%3Adesc&countTotal=true&fields=NCTId%2CBriefTitle%2COverallStatus%2CPhase%2CLeadSponsorName%2CStartDate%2CLocationCountry%2CLocationState","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:36.508Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:36.508Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"aliases":{"fact_id":"c4224ccd-5912-48c4-bbb0-30a3781b3df6","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.466Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"summary":{"fact_id":"92c80d2f-9615-47cb-9bff-8e26e9efd353","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.474Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"citations":{"fact_id":"39c712b2-e681-46b7-a6e0-1f8f9a19c4cf","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.514Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"known_risks":{"fact_id":"5ca38ed5-a74b-4a0e-aed4-d009985648dd","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.486Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"short_answer":{"fact_id":"deb6aadd-b14f-4716-9291-e171face1731","source_url":"https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#short-answer","source_type":"reference","captured_at":"2026-10-25T00:14:44.418Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.477Z","confidence":1,"stale":false,"label":"our assessment"},"evidence_grade":{"fact_id":"dc682a8f-28d3-4f41-8058-cf888d4541b6","source_url":"https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#evidence-grade","source_type":"reference","captured_at":"2026-10-25T00:14:45.193Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.483Z","confidence":1,"stale":false,"label":"our assessment"},"open_questions":{"fact_id":"98231b82-195e-472a-9b3d-979f8eb834d5","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.490Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_routes":{"fact_id":"d14a3812-e049-4415-97ad-879669bee75b","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.506Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"regulatory_as_of":{"fact_id":"3a5a2561-4503-4d89-9ea0-0e52c8ef7815","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-24T03:44:05.776Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.480Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_channels":{"fact_id":"bb0dead8-0348-478d-822d-d7da9b1cd680","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.509Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_evidence":{"fact_id":"c35e4c99-bf87-4191-a3f2-a593aefd2d92","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.503Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"regulatory_status":{"fact_id":"2c71dcb2-7eef-457e-8fe4-c85a50fa5aca","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-24T03:43:00.387Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.456Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_what_it_is":{"fact_id":"e59dcf30-79f1-46c5-b806-fa4eae233d7c","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.493Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"section_is_it_legal":{"fact_id":"65707586-bff1-4a7c-9a69-84a77c7aab13","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-24T03:43:00.387Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.500Z","confidence":1,"stale":false},"unofficial_channels":{"fact_id":"45ebc83b-c589-4075-9df8-d17587f7da03","source_url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","source_type":"primary","captured_at":"2026-10-25T20:43:10.833Z","checked_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.462Z","confidence":1,"stale":false}},"citationsBySection":{"known_risks":[{"n":1,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks, including those withdrawn from Category 2","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks"},{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":9,"title":"FDA warning letter to an online seller of research-use peptides, 24 August 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026"},{"n":17,"title":"A blood test to detect MOTS-c for sport drug testing, 2019","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394592/"}],"open_questions":[{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":17,"title":"A blood test to detect MOTS-c for sport drug testing, 2019","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394592/"},{"n":19,"title":"Review of natural MOTS-c levels in people with diabetes or obesity, 2024","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39160573/"}],"section_routes":[{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":3,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act"},{"n":10,"title":"McDermott Will & Schulte: what the July 2026 committee votes on peptides mean","url":"https://www.mcdermottlaw.com/insights/bulk-list-bound-pcac-backs-majority-of-peptides-in-two-day-public-meeting/"},{"n":11,"title":"FDA Law Blog: the committee recommends four peptides for the 503A list","url":"https://www.thefdalawblog.com/2026/07/peptide-l-wave-pcac-approves-four-bulk-drug-substances-for-the-503a-list/"}],"section_channels":[{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":21,"title":"CNN: people who say experimental peptides hurt them, 13 October 2026","url":"https://www.cnn.com/2026/10/13/health/peptides-maha-access"},{"n":9,"title":"FDA warning letter to an online seller of research-use peptides, 24 August 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026"},{"n":12,"title":"Sheppard Mullin: FDA's peptide policy and its warning letters to peptide sellers","url":"https://www.sheppard.com/insights/blogs/fda-balances-peptide-policy-with-enforcement-against-unlawful-peptide-sellers"},{"n":8,"title":"FDA: presentations to the committee on 23 July 2026, including MOTS-c","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193773/download"}],"section_evidence":[{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":13,"title":"MOTS-c on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice, 2015","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/"},{"n":15,"title":"MOTS-c on fat and weight gain after ovary removal in mice, 2019","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30725119/"},{"n":14,"title":"MOTS-c on physical decline with age in mice, with exercise levels in people, 2021","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33473109/"},{"n":16,"title":"MOTS-c on bone-forming change in rat stem cells in the lab, 2018","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30468456/"},{"n":19,"title":"Review of natural MOTS-c levels in people with diabetes or obesity, 2024","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39160573/"},{"n":18,"title":"Review: MOTS-c as a signal from mitochondria for muscle and fat, 2016","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27216708/"}],"section_what_it_is":[{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":13,"title":"MOTS-c on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice, 2015","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/"},{"n":18,"title":"Review: MOTS-c as a signal from mitochondria for muscle and fat, 2016","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27216708/"},{"n":17,"title":"A blood test to detect MOTS-c for sport drug testing, 2019","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30394592/"}],"section_is_it_legal":[{"n":1,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances that may present significant safety risks, including those withdrawn from Category 2","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks"},{"n":2,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances nominated under section 503A, list updated 14 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download"},{"n":4,"title":"Federal Register: notice of the July 2026 Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting","url":"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/full_text/html/2026/04/16/2026-07361.html"},{"n":6,"title":"FDA briefing document on MOTS-c for the July 2026 committee meeting, 11 May 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download"},{"n":3,"title":"FDA: bulk drug substances used in compounding under section 503A","url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act"},{"n":8,"title":"FDA: presentations to the committee on 23 July 2026, including MOTS-c","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193773/download"},{"n":5,"title":"FDA: Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee meeting, 23 and 24 July 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026"},{"n":7,"title":"FDA: questions put to the committee at the July 2026 meeting","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/193711/download"},{"n":10,"title":"McDermott Will & Schulte: what the July 2026 committee votes on peptides mean","url":"https://www.mcdermottlaw.com/insights/bulk-list-bound-pcac-backs-majority-of-peptides-in-two-day-public-meeting/"},{"n":11,"title":"FDA Law Blog: the committee recommends four peptides for the 503A list","url":"https://www.thefdalawblog.com/2026/07/peptide-l-wave-pcac-approves-four-bulk-drug-substances-for-the-503a-list/"},{"n":20,"title":"NBC News: FDA panel recommends easing peptide limits despite agency scientists","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/peptides-restrictions-ease-fda-panel-recommend-bpc-157-scientists-rcna588879"},{"n":9,"title":"FDA warning letter to an online seller of research-use peptides, 24 August 2026","url":"https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/peptide-partners-llc-735063-08242026"}]},"channelsOpener":"This section describes what happens and is not a recommendation.","sources":["https://clinicaltrials.gov/api/v2/studies?query.intr=MOTS-c+acetate+OR+MOTS-c+free+base&filter.overallStatus=RECRUITING%2CNOT_YET_RECRUITING&pageSize=50&sort=StartDate%3Adesc&countTotal=true&fields=NCTId%2CBriefTitle%2COverallStatus%2CPhase%2CLeadSponsorName%2CStartDate%2CLocationCountry%2CLocationState","https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#evidence-grade","https://peptideindex.ai/methodology#short-answer","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks","https://www.fda.gov/media/193347/download","https://www.fda.gov/media/94155/download"],"verified_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:31.514Z","published_at":"2026-10-26T00:03:17.245Z","parent":null,"children":[],"snapshots":{"trials":{"snapshot_at":"2026-10-25T23:51:36.508Z","stale":false,"notice":"A listing is not a recommendation. Trials have strict eligibility rules. Talk to your doctor and read the official record."}}}